Your bone marrow produces about 500 billion new blood cells every single day—roughly equivalent to the number of stars thought to be in the Milky Way. Being so prolific, however, comes with a price: medical interventions that aim to disrupt cell growth and differentiation, such as chemotherapies and radiation, can hit the bone marrow extremely hard, causing serious side effects like anemia, severe bleeding, and increased infections. Efforts to understand and reduce bone marrow toxicity have been hampered by the marrow’s inaccessible location, as the only way to effectively study living marrow tissue in humans is to take invasive, painful biopsies from patients’ bones.
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